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Mathematical Medicine and Biology 2001 18(4):327-341; doi:10.1093/imammb/18.4.327
© 2001 by Institute of Mathematics and its Applications
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Genetic associations under mixed mating systems: the Bennett–Binet effect

J. A. Vargas1 and Rafael F. del Castillo2

1 Independent scholar, Constitución 204 Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68000, México 2 CIIDIR-IPN Oaxaca, Calle Hornos 1003, Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca 71230, México

Using elementary algebraic geometry and computational commutative algebra, supported by the program Macaulay2, we studied and developed operators that define the zygotic and gametic evolution under a mixed-mating system with parameters s selfing rate, r recombination rate, and g relative fitness of inbreeders, for any possible combination of initial zygotic or gametic frequencies with two alleles at each of two loci. We found that (i) the allelic frequencies are preserved in every generation; (ii) the gametic frequencies converge to values that depend exclusively on the allelic frequencies; (iii) every zygotic population converges to a population in equilibrium with double heterozygotes equally frequent; (iv) the rate of convergence decreases to arbitrary small values with sufficiently small values of r or with sufficiently large values of s and (v) as g decreases, the maximal ‘association between the two loci’ occurs with higher values of selfing. We also found generalizations for the case of several alleles at each locus.

Keywords: Bennett–Binet; two loci; mixed mating; recombination; projective space; rational map; zygotic algebra


Received 11 December 2000. Revised 19 December 2001.


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